Francesco Scaramuzza’s Lucifer (c.1850), created as part of his vast series of illustrations for Dante’s Divine Comedy, presents the fallen angel as a monstrous, three-headed beast devouring Judas, Brutus, and Cassius in the frozen depths of Hell. Unlike later depictions of Satan as a passive figure imprisoned in ice, Scaramuzza emphasizes action and brutality: the gnashing jaws, the animalistic body, and the sheer scale of the figure embody treachery in its most violent form. The Romantic intensity of the drawing heightens both terror and awe, transforming Dante’s text into a visceral vision where Lucifer is not just a defeated angel, but the active enforcer of eternal justice.